Are there large joint points of the Internet?

Before starting, I will say I am an Electrical Engineering student, with a major in Computer and Informatics, basically Computer Science, but European.

I was reading about how the Internet works, it is interconnected, PAN, LAN, MAN and then WAN. All of that makes sense. I was reading about Proxies, Gateways, Firewalls, how the DNS works etc. The main question I have is, since a server gives us the data we need, and the DNS resolves IP addresses to domain names, the question I have is, are there major joint points of the Internet, like some large centralized networks of the Web, that hold the Internet together, or is the Internet just a bunch of meshed up networks, with some large ones like Google, Amazon, and a bunch of smaller ones, with all of them communicating.

The question popped up with a simple thing I was wondering, when we pirate stream a football game (Europe football xddddd, not soccer), there are scanning systems, and I came to a question, monitoring companies usually scan the web, use web crawlers, fingerprinting, is there a way to globally access the whole internet, like a place where you can monitor the whole internet?

I am asking out of curiosity, my assumption is that the internet is a distributed system, a bunch of nodes, some larger and some smaller, some gigantic, but at the end of the day all of them are independent?

Sorry if the question is misleading or dumb, maybe I am asking at the wrong sub, but I was just curious.

Thank you all in advance and good luck learning!!!