Some network troubleshooting commands worth remembering

When a network issue comes up, these are usually the first commands I reach for.

Windows
ipconfig /all — IP, DNS, DHCP info
ipconfig /flushdns — Clear DNS cache
tracert <IP> — Trace the route
netstat -ano — Connections, ports, PIDs

Linux
ip addr — Interfaces and addresses
ss -tulpn — Listening ports/services
dig <domain> — DNS checks
curl -I <URL> — Quick HTTP response check

Cisco
show ip interface brief — Interface status
show ip route — Routing table
show mac address-table — MAC addresses
show cdp neighbors — Connected Cisco devices

For a basic issue, I normally go:

IP → gateway → target → DNS → route → interface → logs

Nothing fancy, but it saves a lot of time when you're staring at a machine wondering why nothing works.

What command do you use the most?

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